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GuideGrammarMixed10 min

Express Cause, Contrast, Condition, and Result

Clause connectors and logical meaning

What you'll learn

  • Clause connectors and logical meaning

How it works

Connectors are meaning choices, not decoration. Because introduces cause, so introduces result, although introduces unexpected contrast, while can compare simultaneous or contrasting situations, and if sets a condition. Choose the relationship first, then the connector. Replacing repeated and with more precise structures can improve clarity, but only when the grammar remains complete. In speaking, a clear short connector is better than a complex phrase that creates an unfinished clause.

Patterns

  • Cause and result

    Because cause, result. / Cause, so result.

    Show why an outcome occurs without repeating both connectors in one relationship.

  • Condition

    If condition, likely action/result.

    State what must occur before a plan or conclusion applies.

Before and after

  • Before
    Because the room is smaller, so the dance class cannot move there.
    After
    Because the room is smaller, the dance class cannot move there.
    Why
    One cause-result pair needs either because or so in this structure, not both.
  • Before
    The online course is cheaper, and it has no hands-on practice.
    After
    Although the online course is cheaper, it has no hands-on practice.
    Why
    Although shows the price benefit contrasts with the chosen criterion.

Practice

  1. Label ten sentence relationships before adding connectors.
  2. Rewrite three and sentences with accurate cause or contrast.
  3. Create two if sentences preserving a real condition from a prompt.
Show the answer key
  1. Labels should name cause, result, contrast, condition, time, or addition.
  2. Rewrites must preserve the original facts and complete both clauses.
  3. Conditions should limit a real action rather than add unrelated information.

What's next

Apply this strategy in scored practice, or continue with the next lesson.

Independent CELPIP-style practice material. This is not an official CELPIP question.

Express Cause, Contrast, Condition, and Result · TestCELPIP