How it works
Parallel structure uses matching grammar for ideas with the same function. It makes required-point lists, recommendations, comparisons, and spoken sequences easier to follow. If a list begins with verbs, continue with verbs; if one comparison uses a noun phrase, match it with another noun phrase. Correlative pairs such as both/and and not only/but also need balanced forms. During revision, underline the first word of each coordinated item and check that the pattern repeats.
Patterns
Action list
verb, verb, and verb
Present steps or recommendations as equally structured actions.
Balanced comparison
noun phrase whereas noun phrase / both X and Y
Make option attributes directly comparable.
Before and after
- Before
- The plan includes surveying residents, a utility review, and check electrical capacity.
- After
- The plan includes surveying residents, reviewing utilities, and checking electrical capacity.
- Why
- All three items now use -ing verb phrases.
- Before
- Option A is near transit, while the cost of Option B is lower.
- After
- Option A offers easier transit access, while Option B offers a lower price.
- Why
- Matching verb and noun patterns make the comparison direct.
Practice
- Repair five mixed-form lists.
- Rewrite three comparisons in balanced grammar.
- Plan a spoken three-step recommendation with parallel verbs.
Show the answer key
- Items with equal function should share grammatical form.
- Comparisons should align the same attribute level.
- Parallelism should improve clarity without forcing awkward repetition.
